Smart home devices make life more convenient, but every connected camera, lock and plug is also a device that needs to be protected. Weak passwords, outdated firmware and poorly secured networks can expose your devices and data.
This guide offers a practical checklist for securing your smart home. It is general guidance for home users. For specific security concerns, consult the device manufacturer or a qualified security professional.
Start With Your Router
Your router is the gateway to your smart home.
- Change the default admin password on your router.
- Use WPA3 encryption if your router and devices support it, or WPA2 if not.
- Use a strong Wi-Fi password.
- Update router firmware regularly. Some routers update automatically.
- Disable remote management unless you need it.
- Turn off WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) if you do not use it, since it has had known weaknesses.
- Replace very old routers that no longer receive security updates.
Separate Your Smart Devices
Many routers let you create a guest network or separate network for smart home devices. This can limit what a compromised device can reach on your main network, such as computers and phones with sensitive data.
Advanced users may use VLANs or dedicated IoT networks. Check whether your devices need to be on the same network as your phone for setup or local control, especially for Matter and casting features.
Secure Your Accounts
- Use unique passwords for every smart home account.
- Use a password manager to generate and store passwords.
- Enable two-factor authentication (2FA) on accounts that support it, especially for cameras, locks and your main smart home platform.
- Review shared users and remove people who no longer need access.
- Watch for phishing emails that claim to come from device makers.
Keep Devices Updated
Manufacturers release firmware updates to fix security vulnerabilities.
- Enable automatic updates where available.
- Check apps for updates periodically.
- Retire devices that no longer receive security updates.
Review Privacy Settings
- Review permissions each app requests, such as location, microphone and camera.
- Turn off features you do not use.
- Manage voice recordings in Alexa, Google Home and other assistant settings. See Alexa vs. Google Home.
- Review data sharing with third parties.
Cameras and Doorbells
Cameras need extra care because they capture video inside and around your home.
- Use 2FA on camera accounts.
- Choose brands that offer encryption options, including end-to-end encryption where available.
- Position indoor cameras thoughtfully and use privacy modes. See indoor security cameras and privacy.
- Consider local storage options. See video doorbells without a subscription.
Smart Locks
- Use strong PINs and avoid obvious codes like birthdays.
- Require PINs for voice unlocking.
- Review access logs.
- Delete codes for guests and former residents.
- Keep a physical key backup.
Buying Secure Devices
Before buying, consider:
- Brand reputation for security and updates.
- Support period: Some manufacturers publish how long they will provide security updates.
- Matter certification: Matter includes security requirements. See Matter explained.
- Local control options.
- Security labels: The U.S. Cyber Trust Mark program, overseen by the FCC, is designed to help consumers identify connected devices that meet certain cybersecurity criteria. Check for the label as it becomes more common.
Disable Unused Features
- Turn off remote access on devices you only use locally.
- Disable Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) on your router if you do not need it, as it can expose devices. Some devices may rely on it, so test after changes.
- Remove unused devices from your network and accounts.
Selling or Disposing of Devices
Before selling, giving away or recycling a smart device:
- Remove it from your account.
- Factory reset it.
- Remove any storage cards.
When buying used devices, reset them and set them up fresh.
Monitor Your Network
- Check your router’s connected device list periodically.
- Investigate unknown devices.
- Some routers and security apps alert you to new devices.
A Smart Home Security Checklist
- [ ] Router admin password changed
- [ ] WPA2 or WPA3 enabled with a strong password
- [ ] Router firmware updated
- [ ] Guest or IoT network set up (optional)
- [ ] Unique passwords and a password manager
- [ ] 2FA enabled on key accounts
- [ ] Automatic firmware updates enabled
- [ ] Privacy settings reviewed
- [ ] Unused features and devices removed
- [ ] Shared users reviewed
Building Security Into Your Routine
Security is not a one-time task. Set a reminder every few months to review your router’s device list, check for firmware updates, remove users who no longer need access and review app permissions. Doing this on a schedule, such as when you change smoke alarm batteries or adjust clocks, makes it easier to remember.
Family Members and Guests
Explain basic rules to household members, such as not sharing account passwords and asking before adding new devices. For guests, consider giving them access to a guest Wi-Fi network rather than your main or IoT network. If you share temporary smart lock codes, set them to expire automatically.
What to Do If You Suspect a Problem
If you notice unknown devices on your network, unexpected account emails or devices behaving strangely:
- Change your Wi-Fi and account passwords right away, starting with your email account and main smart home platform.
- Sign out of all sessions in apps that offer this option.
- Review recent account activity, shared users and connected services.
- Update firmware on your router and devices.
- Factory reset any device you think may be compromised and set it up again.
- Contact the manufacturer’s support if you see activity you cannot explain.
Keeping a simple list of your devices, the accounts they use and where you stored setup codes makes recovery much faster.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can smart home devices be hacked?
Any connected device can have vulnerabilities. Strong passwords, 2FA, updates and good network settings reduce risk.
Should I put smart devices on a separate network?
It can limit exposure, though some devices need to be on the same network as your phone for setup or local features.
What is the Cyber Trust Mark?
A U.S. government-backed labeling program for connected devices that meet cybersecurity criteria.
Do I need antivirus for smart home devices?
Most smart devices cannot run antivirus software. Focus on network and account security.
How often should I update devices?
Enable automatic updates when available and check periodically.
The Bottom Line
Securing your smart home starts with your router and accounts: strong passwords, 2FA, firmware updates and good Wi-Fi settings. Separate devices where practical, review privacy settings, buy devices with long support and security features, and reset devices before disposing of them.
Editorial note: Gadget Nestly is independent and reader-supported. This guide is based on research into manufacturer documentation, published specifications and widely accepted best practices; we have not been paid to mention any product. If we add affiliate links in the future, they will be clearly disclosed per our Affiliate Disclosure.